Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Neurology deals with the study of nervous system. The nervous system is a complex system that regulates and coordinates body activities. Neurological Procedures such as Lumbar puncture, Tensilon test, Electroencephalogram are used to diagnose neurological disorders. Neurological disorders often have psychiatric manifestations such as depression , Memory Disorder , mood and cognitive dysfunction etc.
Neuroscience or Neural Science involves brain, spinal cord and nerves. Cellular Neuroscience and Molecular neuroscience involves the study of neurons at a cellular and molecular level. Clinical Neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience focussing on the diseases and disorders of the brain and central nervous system. Clinical neuroscience serves as a future of Psychiatry. Computational Neuroscience assists as a theoretical method for investigating the function and mechanism of the nervous system. It makes use of the essential features of the biological system at multiple spatial-temporal scales, from membrane currents, protein and chemical coupling to network oscillations and learning and memory.
The interaction between nervous system and immune system can be described by Neuroimmunology. Neuroinflammation may be initiated in response to infection, brain injury, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity. Immune cells usually release biochemicals to neutralize foreign particles and signal other components of the immune system to react but inflammation, which eliminates the foreign particle, can make the central nervous system out of control and cause secondary damage to it since some chemicals are toxic to nerve cells. This usually happens in case of stroke or severe head injury. When the immune system attacks the body’s own tissue, the nervous system is affected in some of the autoimmune diseases. Neuroimmunlogical disorders namely Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, and acute inflammatory polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome), are autoimmune and may be caused due to disorders of immunoregulation.
Neuropsychiatry is involved to treat and manage the emotional and cognitive symptoms of neurological diseases whereas Neuropsychology evaluates concerns regarding memory, concentration, language, problem solving, organization, perception, mood, or personality. Symptoms include depression, anxiety, Psychosis, hallucinations, and/or cognitive loss. Treatment can include psychotherapy and/or medication. Psychometrics is concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement. Psychometric techniques have found applications in educational testing, behavior genetics and neuroscience.
One of the serious health problems a modern society facing is Brain disorders. Many of these disorders become common with aging. Some neurodegenerative conditions, such as Huntington’s disease, have clear genetic causes. Others involve complex interactions of genetic and environmental influences that can affect the brain in many ways. Neuroimaging biomarkers have significant potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms of unhealthy brain aging and neurodegeneration with potential for identifying that risk prior to the clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative disease. Prion diseases are mostly sporadic occurring in both animals and human.
The diagnostic approach and therapeutics involves the special needs and clinical realities in treating newborns when compared to adolescents since the neurological disorders in children are varied from adults. Infections of the Nervous System may be chronic or acute which can be caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. The infections may include Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Brain Abscesses that tend to cause increased mortality.Epilepsy is a common disorder affecting children. Child neurologists often diagnose Seizure disorders, including seizures in newborns, febrile convulsions, and epilepsy , Headaches and Hydrocephalus.
Neurogenetics describes the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system. Logarithm of odds (LOD) is a statistical technique used to evaluate the probability of gene linkage between traits. Recombinant DNA alters the genome of an organism , usually by mutation. Research has been done in model organisms like mice, Drosophila, C. elegans and. Zebrafish. Since these organisms cannot completely model the complexity of the human body, Blood, Cerebrospinal fluid, Muscle tissue samples are taken from the volunteer participants. Neurogenetic research has made possible to determine the number of gene loci that have been linked to specific diseases. Example, DR15, DQ6 have been linked to Multiple Sclerosis and LRRK2, PARK2, PARK7 have been linked to Parkinson's disease.
The most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting older population are Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson's disease . AD involves impaired memory and cognitive decline while the primary symptoms of PD are resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity. In PD, mild frequent cognitive changes may progress to dementia. PD and AD dementias are different in pathology even though the microstructural changes remain unknown. Alzheimer's disease is caused by genetic factors, lifestyle and environmental factors that upset the brain over time. Diffusion tensor imaging is a neuroimaging technique used to estimate the location, orientation etc of the brain's white matter tracts. Neuroprotective therapies target natural repair mechanisms rather than disease specific processes, so that they can be used to treat Parkinson’s disease and other brain disorders.
In adult brain newly produced neurons can integrate into and modify existing neuronal circuits by the function of neurogenesis . Gliogenesis occurs more commonly in the adult mammalian brain than neurogenesis. Neurorestoration is involved in balancing neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Neurogenesis alters neuronal connectivity in specific brain areas, whereas gliogenesis ensures that myelination occurs and produces new supporting cells. Beclin 1 is a mammalian gene that plays important roles in development, tumorigenesis, and neurodegeneration.
When the blood supply to the brain is cut off stroke occurs. Stroke can be Ischemic or Hemorrhagic. Restorative therapies for stroke includes Stem Cell transplantation and pharmacological approach. The potential cells for neural repair in ischemic stroke are Allogenic cells/Porcine cells , Immortalised cell lines , adult stem cells, bone marrow stem cells etc. Dementia is characterized by memory loss, communication problems and loss of brain cells. Mixed dementia refers to two or more type of dementia in a patient.
Injured brain will have limited neuroregeneration capacity which may lead to mortality in stroke. Many drug therapies provide neuroprotection against acute disease in animal models of transient cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) and permanent ischemia. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was effective in stimulating neuroregeneration-related factors in the chronic phase of the disease. Fascicular repair produces almost similar results to epineurial repair.
Neuroinfectious Diseases are often difficult to diagnose since treatments are inadequate or nonexistent. Most antimicrobial infections have poor CNS penetration and require prolonged treatment. The drugs cannot access the abscess cavity, and surgical intervention is required. These diseases usually affect the nervous system. Tests for these diseases include blood tests, Computed Tomography and Spinal Tap. Neurosarcoidosis , an inflammatory disease marked by facial weakness and headache that may lead to a chronic condition.Other diseases include Meningitis and Encephalitis, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy , Transverse Myelitis etc.
Cognitive Neuroscience involves the study of cognitive processes and their implementation in the brain whereas Behavioral Neuroscience describes how the nervous system mediates behavioral effects in the realms of motivation, perception, learning and memory, and attention and motor performance. The methods used in cognitive neuroscience are drawn from brain damage, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, and computer modeling. Adult Intelligence Scale is an IQ test to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults
Interventional Neurology uses image guided techniques to treat complex diseases in spine and brain. It involves the management of cerebrovascular disorders like Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis, Mechanical Thrombectomy, Extracranial and Intracranial Stenting, Sneurysm coil Embolization, AVM Embolization, Dural AV Fistula treatments, Pre Epilepsy surgery WADA testing, Cerebral Venography, Epistaxis Embolization, Cerebral and head and neck tumor Angiograms and Presurgical Tumor Embolization.
Brain tumors and other neurological complications can be treated by Neuro-Oncology which requires a special care. Cyberknife Radiosurgery involves the tracking of a breathe or other people’s motion which is used to treat various lesions like Chordoma , Meningioma , Nasopharynx etc. Pediatric Neurosurgery is used to treat neurologiacal disorders in young adults. Functional Neurosurgery focusses on treating movement-related disorders, pain, and epilepsy
The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. In certain cases, persons with sustained traumatic brain injury may also sustain a spinal cord injury. The basic principle involving the management of Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries patients is to lessen the secondary neural injury which is followed by a primary CNS insult. Timely emergency stabilization, critical care management, and surgical interventions are essential for delaying the progression of secondary CNS injury. Finally the clinician treating TBI and TSI patients are assesed, and treated. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and critical care management of TBI and TSI patients are reviewed. Positron Emission Tomography may be used to evaluate the activity of CNS tissue in patients with SCI.
The recent advances in neurology has been found in areas like Dementia, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroethics, Epilepsy, Neurogenetics and Stroke. Brain stimulation therapy is used in treating mental disorders. Brain stimulation therapies involve activating or inhibiting the brain directly with electricity which can be given directly by electrodes implanted in the brain or the electricity can also be induced by using magnetic fields applied to the head. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is used to treat depression and anxiety.
The mechanisms involving animal function and behavior can be understood by Integrative Physiology and Behavior . Neuromechanics combines the facts of both Biomechanics and Neurophysiology. The control and organization of human movement involves a research on Biomechanics , Cell Physiology , Exercise physiology and Neurophysiology. Changes in blood pressure, and osmosis in response to exercise are due to fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms.
The molecular and cellular factors that play a role in the development of the different structures within the cochlea and inner ear can be recognized by Developmental Neuroscience . Brain Patterning may be positive patterning or negative patterning. It usually involves the processes like Brain Patterning, Axon and Dendrite Development , Development of Motor, Sensory and Limbic Systems , Transplantation and Regeneration.
Therapies for Neurological disorders varies depending on the disorder type. Therapies like Gene therapy , Stem cell therapy , Cognitive Therapy can be used to treat disorders like Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy , Obsessive Compulsive Disorder etc. Some of the basic therapy involves Changes in Lifestyle, Physiotherapy,, Pain Management and Medication.